Names can be deceiving, as is the case with bears. In Yellowstone National Park, black bears are more common than the brown-hued grizzly bear, and in the Pacific Northwest coastal regions, the term “brown bear” typically refers to a grizzly bear. However, not all brown bears are grizzly bears. Contrary to their name, American black bears (Ursus americanus) can come in a variety of colors, such as brown (also known as cinnamon), blond, or bluish-grey....

The deadliest time in a viral respiratory illness sometimes is actually after the virus is cleared from the body. Destructive processes that are set in motion during an infection crest in the weeks after the virus is defeated, leading to organ damage that can cause chronic illness or even death. After an initial bout of COVID-19, for example, some people struggle with persistent cough, difficulty breathing and shortness of breath — signs of ongoing lung disease....

Astronomers have produced a highly detailed image of the Crab Nebula, by combining data from telescopes spanning nearly the entire breadth of the electromagnetic spectrum, from radio waves seen by the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) to the powerful X-ray glow as seen by the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory. And, in between that range of wavelengths, the Hubble Space Telescope’s crisp visible-light view, and the infrared perspective of the Spitzer Space Telescope....

The scientists published their findings in the journal Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing¹. The lizard fossil was discovered in the 1980s and is one of only two known examples of reptile skin unearthed from the Green River Formation of the western USA, best known for its fish fossils. Soft tissues are very rare in the fossil record, being preserved only in unusual environmental circumstances. The skin makes it easy to see individual scales, but the rock doesn’t include any other visible remains of bones or other hard tissue....

Many diseases, such as COVID-19, have made the jump from animals to people with serious consequences for the human host. An international research team, including researchers from the University of Göttingen, says that more epidemics resulting from animal hosts are inevitable unless urgent action is taken. In order to protect against future pandemics which might be even more serious, they call for governments to establish effective legislation addressing wildlife trade, protection of habitats and reduction of interaction between people, wildlife and livestock....

The Camp Fire, which occurred in November 2018, was the deadliest and most destructive wildfire in California’s history. It scorched a total area of 239 square miles, resulting in the destruction of 18,804 structures and the loss of 85 lives. Three years after the devastating Camp Fire, a new study by scientists at the University of California San Diego explored the psychological impact of the disaster. The research found that exposure to “climate trauma” for those affected by the fire led to a heightened and persistent occurrence of mental health issues, such as post-traumatic stress disorder and depression....

The quest to determine the nature of both dark matter and dark energy has led scientists to adopt new tracers of the large-scale structure of the Universe, such as emission line galaxies. These galaxies present strong emission lines from the gas heated up by newly formed stars. Lead author of the study, Dr. Violeta Gonzalez-Perez from the University of Portsmouth’s Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, said: “Galaxies are cosmic lanterns that show small patches of cosmic history, informing us of the changes in the space-time fabric of the Universe....

In a lab experiment, Yale researchers discovered that molten iron can deeply penetrate single crystals of magnesium iron oxide, resulting in “metal-rich blobs” that penetrate Earth’s mantle in larger amounts and deeper than previously thought possible. New research by Yale University scientists suggests an explanation for the amount of iron in the Earth’s largest interior layer, the mantle: migrating “iron-rich blobs” generated by chemical interactions in the zone between the planet’s core and mantle....

Leak-free pipe constructed of self-assembling, self-repairing nanotubes that can link to different biostructures is a huge step toward developing a nanotube network that might one day carry specialized drugs, proteins, and molecules to specified cells in the human body. The highly precise measurements were recently outlined in Science Advances. Leak-free piping made with nanotubes that self-assemble, self-repair, and can connect themselves to different biostructures. This video displays those nanotubes “wiggling”....

According to a recent study, more individuals are seeking emergency medical help for sexual assault. According to the study published in the journal JAMA Network Open, emergency departments have seen 15 times more visits connected to sexual assault in the last ten years, outpacing the growth in law enforcement reporting. “Sexual assault is a disturbing and prevalent trend in the U.S. We know that people who experience sexual assault face numerous emergent health problems but few seek emergency medical care,” said senior author Erica Marsh, M....

The findings are published in the July 9, 2021, online issue of Nature Medicine. “Clinical and epidemiological observations suggest that the brain can become involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection,” said senior author Joseph Gleeson, MD, Rady Professor of Neuroscience at UC San Diego School of Medicine and director of neuroscience research at the Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine. “The prospect of COVID19-induced brain damage has become a primary concern in cases of ‘long COVID,’ but human neurons in culture are not susceptible to infection....

Types of Ginseng The two varieties of ginseng include: Asian ginseng, also called Korean ginseng (scientific name Panax ginseng)American ginseng, or Panax quinquefolius Asian and American ginseng contain similar compounds, but given they grow in different climates, they aren’t exactly the same. While both are adaptogens and have similar health-protective benefits, Asian ginseng is more stimulating, and American ginseng is more calming. 7 Ginseng Benefits and Uses Ginseng has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and other ancient systems of medicine for good reasons....

This member of the Asgard archaea exhibits unique cellular characteristics and may represent an evolutionary “missing link” to more complex life forms such as animals and plants. The study was recently published in the journal Nature. All life forms on earth are divided into three major domains: eukaryotes, bacteria and archaea. Eukaryotes include the groups of animals, plants and fungi. Their cells are usually much larger and, at first glance, more complex than the cells of bacteria and archaea....

Possibly the most devastating cosmic impact since the extinction of the dinosaurs, it appears to coincide with major shifts in how human societies organized themselves, researchers say. Their analysis backs up claims that an impact occurred prior to start of the Neolithic period in the so-called Fertile Crescent of southwest Asia. During that time, humans in the region — which spans parts of modern-day countries such as Egypt, Iraq, and Lebanon — switched from hunter-gatherer lifestyles to ones centered on agriculture and the creation of permanent settlements....

The two baby stars were found in the [BHB2007] 11 system – the youngest member of a small stellar cluster in the Barnard 59 dark nebula, which is part of the clouds of interstellar dust called the Pipe nebula. Previous observations of this binary system showed the outer structure. Now, thanks to the high resolution of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and an international team of astronomers led by scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) in Germany, we can see the inner structure of this object....

While vaccination can provide potentially life-saving protection against COVID-19, researchers are still looking for effective ways to treat severe infections, including in those who cannot get the vaccine or in the event that dangerous new virus strains emerge that could bypass vaccine protection. A new study led by Amy S. Lee, Ph.D., professor of biochemistry and molecular medicine at the University of Southern California’s Keck School of Medicine, finds that GRP78, a chaperone protein involved in the spread of other viruses, plays a critical role in the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19....

Optical amplification plays a key role in virtually all laser-based technologies such as optical communication, used for instance in data centers to communicate between servers and between continents through trans-oceanic fiber links, to ranging applications like coherent Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) LiDAR – an emerging technology that can detect and track objects farther, faster, and with greater precision than ever before. Today, optical amplifiers based on rare-earth ions like erbium, as well as III-V semiconductors, are widely used in real-world applications....

Researchers evaluated the clinical and neurophysiological outcomes of using a combination of brain stimulation and cognitive exercises as a treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in 26 young participants aged between 16 and 24 years old. The specific form of brain stimulation, referred to as theta-burst stimulation (TBS), has already been shown to be a fast and effective method for treating depression in adults. TBS involves administering magnetic pulses, or bursts, to stimulate the brain’s prefrontal cortex....

With alarms sounding about the declining diversity of plants and animals, a related concern with equally profound implications is posed: is the variety of microbial life, including viruses, changing too — and if so, in which direction and how fast? In a paper published today, David S. Thaler of the University of Basel, Switzerland, and Guest Investigator at The Rockefeller University’s Programme for the Human Environment (PHE), notes the well-documented, “clearly downwards” trajectory of plant and animal diversity, constituting “a key issue of the Anthropocene....

Futhermore, the very concept of time would be completely transformed — a superluminal world would have to be characterized with three time dimensions and one spatial dimension and it would have to be described in the familiar language of field theory. It turns out that the presence of such superluminal observers does not lead to anything logically inconsistent, moreover, it is quite possible that superluminal objects really exist. “In the early 20th century, Albert Einstein completely redefined the way we perceive time and space....